Juvenile & Smolt-to-Adult
Survival EstimatesThis page provides access to smolt-to-adult and juvenile survival estimate data. Use the Query Quick Links box, if you know the name of the query you want. Or, read a description of each of the queries in the tabbed navigation box - Survival Data Queries below. Links to queries are divided into categories for smolt-to-adult survival estimates (SARs), juvenile survival estimates and related data, and query access to the input data used in FPC Annual Reports for multi-year regression analyses.
Query Quick Links
Survival Data Queries:
Smolt-to-Adult Survivals
Smolt-to-Adult return ratio (SAR) is the survival from a beginning point as a smolt to an ending point as an adult. SARs are calculated from LGR to LGR and can also be estimated at BON to BON or LGR, or below BON to BON.
- CSS SARs by study category - allows the user to query SARs for transported smolts, in-river smolts not detected at LGR, LGS, or LMN, or in-river smolts detected at one or more of the Snake River collector dams (LGR, LGS, or LMN).
- Overall Annual SARs for Zones in the Snake or Columbia Rivers - This query returns overall annual SARs for zones in the Snake River or Columbia River river basins for all groups of wild and hatchery Chinook and steelhead presented in the annual reports.
- CSS Ten Year Report results and expectations query - allows the user to query the results and expections data presented in Appendix E of the CSS Ten Year Report.
- CSS returning adult age composition query - allows the user to query for the age compositions of returning adults used in the CSS 10 Year Report by choosing a species, source location, and year data. Data tables and graphs are returned.
- Number of smolts and returning adults by study category - allows the user to query the estimated number of smolts per study category and adult count used to generate SAR estimates with associated 90% confidence interval and the number of returning adults per study category for PIT-tagged wild and hatchery Chinook and steelhead. Fish traverse the hydro system by (1) passing in-river through the Snake River collector dams in a non-bypass channel route (spillways or turbines), (2) passing in-river through the dam’s bypass channel, or (3) passing in a truck or barge to below Bonneville Dam. These three ways of hydro system passage define the CSS study categories C0, C1 and transported (TRAN), respectively. In this query data tables and graphs are returned. NOTE: The numbers of smolts are those used in study category SAR estimation and do not necessarily represent their relative proportions in the run at large. The proportions of study categories in the run-at-large are published in the CSS Annual Report.
The following juvenile survival queries allow users to look up (1) CSS juvenile river reach survival estimates; (2) the number of fish used in the CSS analysis by source site; (3) CSS SR, TIR, and D parameters; and (4) FPC annual report survival estimates (includes SMP and CSS program data).
- CSS Number of Fish by Site - allows the user to query the number of PIT-tagged release numbers of wild and hatchery Chinook and steelhead from various locations above LGR used in the CSS study.
- CSS Reach Survival Data - allows the user to query in-river smolt survival rate estimates through the hydrosystem for PIT-tagged wild and hatchery Chinook and steelhead. The in-river smolt survival estimates were calculated using the CJS method.
- CSS SR, TIR, and D - allows the user to query SR, TIR, and D parameters. SR is the survival of fish migrating entirely in-river from LGR dam to below BON.
- FPC Multi-Year Analysis Survival, FTT, WTT - allows users to review and download annual smolt survival estimates, fish travel time estimates, water transit times, average spill and water temperatures for Chinook yearlings, Chinook subyearlings, steelhead and sockeye for three reaches: Lower Granite Dam to McNary Dam, McNary Dam to Bonneville Dam and Rock Island Dam to McNary Dam. These data were reported in the 2010 FPC Annual Report, smolt monitoring chapter, section H, entitled "Reach Survival Analyses
The majority of the Smolt Monitoring Program (SMP) survival estimates are calculated for evaluation of hydrosystem effects in particular reaches on aggregate PIT-tag populations. These aggregates incorporate all available PIT tags to estimate survival for the run-at-large. Reach survival estimates are divided into short time intervals so that environmental effects such as flow, spill and temperature can be evaluated in relation to survival. Additionally in a few cases, survival is estimated for specific SMP releases of interest such as from large traps or other smolt monitoring facilities (e.g. Snake River Trap or Rock Island Dam). Releases from these specific sites of interest are on an annual smolt migration basis.
Smolt Monitoring Program Survival Data
The Fish Passage Center (FPC) coordinates the Smolt Monitoring Program (SMP). Data from this program is intended to provide the information basis for federal, state and tribal recommendations for anadromous fish passage in the Federal Columbia River Hydro-electric System (FCRPS). For instance, survival estimates are calculated for selected groups of migrant juvenile salmonids including the trap and hatchery releases above Lower Granite Dam making up a distinct reach, and hatchery releases in the Mid-Columbia to McNary Dam. Survival estimates are also calculated for index reaches between dams including for the Lower Snake River, the reach from Lower Granite to McNary Dam; Rock Island Dam to McNary Dam in the Mid-Columbia River; and McNary to Bonneville Dam in the Lower Columbia River.
Comparative Survival Study Survival Data
The FPC website also provides access to the Comparative Survival Study (CSS) data. The CSS was initiated in 1996 as a multi-year program of the fishery agencies and tribes to estimate survival rates over different life stages for spring and summer Chinook salmon produced in major hatcheries the Snake River basin and from selected hatcheries in the lower Columbia River. Much of the information evaluated in the CSS is derived from fish tagged with Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags. A comparison of survival rates of Chinook marked in different regions provides insight into the effects of the hydrosystem. The CSS compares the smolt-to-adult survival rates (SARs) for Snake River wild and hatchery Chinook that were transported versus those that migrated inriver to below Bonneville Dam. SARs for wild and hatchery summer steelhead are also computed. These SAR estimates generate information reflecting the relative effects of the current management actions used to recover this listed species.
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